LIVE NOW - Why The World NEEDS Private Law | Peter Van Valkenburgh

The Director of Research at coincenter, valkenburgh
joins us for our final talk at the Bankless Summit with a story that hits close to home about privacy and surveillance.

--------------
TIMESTAMPS

00:00 Start
05:50 What Is This Talk About?
10:27 Lets Talk About Cars
14:57 The Stolen Bike
16:48 Surveillance
19:29 California
26:57 Supercharged Surveillance
29:59 What We Should Be Building

Daily Memecoin Recap - November 24

Good volume, drama with pump fun livestreams

Science Meta
$dna -> hit $16 .8m
#roident -> hit $4 .8m, pumpdotscience mascot
$psmice -> hit $4 .3m, pumpdotscience mascot
$rna -> hit $3 .3m

Frog Memes
$terry -> hit $30m , unique
$fog -> hit $4 .8m, frog meme, simple yet good art

Artist Launch
$wain -> hit $9 .4m, amazing art
- ratwell0x is the artist

Elon Tweets
$would -> hit $26m , elonmusk
posted the meme
#ironyman -> hit $7m
$msnbc -> hit $3 .5m
$spqr -> hit $2 .9m
$mt -> hit $1 .4m, monk temptation
$x -> hit $600k
- Elon is the biggest KOL frfr
- Bro doesn't even know that there's coins worth 8 figs that spawn because of his tweets

TikTok/GenZ Memes
#mustard -> hit $81m , Kendrick lamar yelling MUSTAAAARD, viral on tikttok
#daddychill -> hit $15m , famous video, picking up partly because of #chillguy
#rizzmas -> hit $8 .7m
$bro /eco -> hit $7 .3m
$nose -> hit $5 .6m, let me do it for you
#ketchup -> hit $2 .1m
$gnome -> hit $1 .7m

Artificial Intelligence
#overseer -> hit $15 .1m
$mind -> hit $9m

Solana Pet
$blob -> hit $22 .7m

First Human Being Created By God
$adam -> hit $1 .9m

More Cooks
$purpe -> hit $77m , purple $pepe , back from the dead
$hege -> hit $31m
#justice -> hit $24 .8m, justice for $pnut and $fred
$mtm -> hit $11m
#sootcase -> hit $9 .9m, Barron Trump meme
$pim -> hit $7 .9m
$mike -> hit $6m
$oiia -> hit $3 .3m, cat meme
#tontoba -> hit $3m
$bread -> hit $2m , literally just bread
$boggs -> hit $2m
$1 -> hit $1 .6m, just buy $1 worth of this coin
$jensen -> hit $1 .5m, #Nvidia CEO
$bling -> hit $960k
$moar -> hit $900k
$kaiju -> hit $800k
$meme /eco -> hit $600k , meme economy

Do you think pump fun should turn off livestreams?

Daily Memecoin Recap - November 8

Great way to end the week. What was your best trade?

GOAT Deployer Wallet
$toga -> hit $18 .4m, same deployer as $goat (ATH $800m +), survived all the FUD
- People are saying someone spoofed the transaction and there wasn't actually a transaction coming from the $goat wallet

Homeless Japanese Dev
$fuji -> $100k to $3 .7m (37x), fujimoto1954
- If you saw Japanese on your timeline today it was because of this
- Pushed by idrawline & retardiosolana

Artificial Intelligence
$yousim -> $14m to $35 .5m (2.5x)
$forest -> $10 .4m to $24 .8m (2.4x)
$tds -> $3 .41m to $14 .3m (4.2x)
$mau -> hit $7 .9m, AI chat system
$neko -> hit $3 .8m, virtual pet

High Volume
$uponly -> $8 .2m to $38 .5m (4.7x), cobie
$ass -> $254k to $7 .3m (29x)
$42069k -> hit $3 .4m, $retire derivative
$lingyan -> hit $2 .6m, viral Chinese panda
$zerepooch -> hit $2 .2m, $zerebro 's dog
$affirm -> hit $2 .1m

Happy Cat Continues Its Run
$happy -> $12 .2m to $31m (2.54x)

Animal Memes
$toad $6 .95m -> $12 .7m (1.8x)
$bob -> hit $1 .7m, fish with a human face
$miki -> hit $918k , cute dog
$joji -> hit $836k
$dwag -> hit $700k , $fwog beta
$bulldog -> hit $433k

Elon Meta
$legend -> hit $1m , based on elonmusk
$xnn -> hit $668k , twitter is becoming the #1 news platform

More Cooks
$4b -> $976k to $2 .2m (2.3x)
$wealth -> $608k to $1 .6m (2.6x)
$pray -> $154k to $732k (4.8x)
$wukong -> hit $3 .9m
$dork -> hit $1 .5m
$iconic -> hit $568k
$bonzo -> hit $460k , $mondo derivative

Wen $SOL ATH?

Daily Memecoin Recap - November 3

All eyes on Elon, decent vol this Sunday

Elon's Pets
$shrub -> hit $30m , elonmusk's pet hedgehog
$eric -> hit $2 .1m, Elon's pet fish
$marvin -> hit $894k , Elon's dog
- He mentioned his pets in multiple tweets

Justice For Peanut
$pnut -> $3m to $134m (45x)
$fred -> $60k to $21m (350x), euthanized with Peanut
$opk -> hit $7 .8m, Obi Pnut Kenobi, Star Wars + Peanut, based on an elon musk tweet, multiple coins came out
$peanut -> hit $5 .1m, claims to be a fair and community launch
$GOPnut -> hit $2 .5m, Peanut for the GOP official mascot
$wally -> hit $1 .2m, Peanut's Brother
$karen -> hit $975k , peanut killer
$plf -> hit $580k , peanut liberty foundation, based on elon's tweet

Killed Animals
$kamala -> hit $5m , elephant
$cedar -> hit $5m , stolen pet goat
$albert -> hit $1 .4m, alligator
$legacy -> hit $915k , combination of killed animals, HarambePnutDogeFredHeaven420inu
$phil -> hit $860k , water buffalo escaped
#grizzly399 -> hit $360k , grizzly bear
- After Peanut's sad passing, degens are finding similar cases

Pump Fun Stuffed Animal
$cupsey -> hit $7m
$rupsey -> hit $530k , red version of $cupsey
- orangie posted a pumpdotfun stuffed animal
- Pump fun founder a1lon9 interacted
- orangie said its name is Cupsey, named after Cupseyy

Election Meta
$harris -> $365k to $4 .1m (11.2x), KamalaHarris
$rigged -> hit $3 .65m, gently used voting machine
$rocky -> hit $1 .4m, first dog candidate
$brent -> hit $670k
$erect -> hit $200k , Erection 2024

Old Elon Memes
$shrub -> $35k to $11m (314x), old meme on $ETH
$shrub -> $10k to $4 .1m (410x), old meme on $SOL

Iranian Feminist
$girl -> hit $1 .8m, viral Persian feminist
$ahoo -> hit $910k , Ahoo Daryaei
$ahou -> hit $430k

Grass Keeps Pushing
$grass -> $153m to $469m (3x)
- After initial fud on launch, it keeps pushing

More Cooks
#zerebro -> $5m to $25m (5x), AI
$suwi -> hit $14 .5m, solana's happy coin
$monkey -> hit $3 .8m
#griffain -> hit $2 .9m
#goatsenet -> hit $2 .7m
#dekopon -> hit $1 .9m, baby rhino
$beppo -> hit $1 .4m, chimp in space
$ks -> hit $1 .3m, kittyspin
$angy -> hit $1 .1m, cat
$mimi -> hit $1m , cat meme

Lock in for the new week tomorrow.

What are your goals?

Daily Memecoin Recap - November 1

Markets are waiting for Tuesday's election ⌛️

Government Kills Peanut
$pnut -> $250k to $10 .5m (42x), peanut the squirrel
$fred -> hit $670k , raccoon that was also seized during the raid for Peanut
- New York seized and killed a viral pet squirrel

High Volume
$hima -> $2 .6m to $8 .8m (3.4x), supply sent to solana foundation
$suwi -> hit $7 .1m, unique content
$potato -> hit $4 .5m, literally a potato
$god -> hit $3 .1m, "dog" backwards
$mob -> hit $1 .7m, museum of baddies
$pet -> hit $1 .2m

Election Countdown
$47 -> $6m to $14 .4m (2.4x), urealDonaldTrump 47th president
$djt -> hit $1 .8m
#Trump2024 -> hit $1m
$rigged -> hit $747k , gently used voting machine, election is rigged
#djtardio -> hit $357k , #retardio + Trump
- Elections are Tuesday 👀

Retardio
$rzack -> $1 .7m to $7 .1m (4.2x), new coin pushed by MrZackMorris
#djtardio -> hit $357k , #retardio + Trump

Artificial Intelligence
$matrix -> $984k to $3 .2m (3.3x), roko's matrix
$thales -> hit $1m , before $eliza there was thales, AI16Z, AI lore
#tag_coin -> hit $550k , first OpenAI coin
$enigma -> hit $467k

More Cooks
$earl -> $5m to $14 .2m (2.8x)
$toad -> $410k to $9m (22x), $pepe beta
$fridge -> $1 .7m to $7 .3m (4.3x), entire memecoin ran on a public fridge
#nailong -> hit $19 .7m, good community
#homdaeng -> hit $1 .4m
$froge -> hit $747k
$pro -> hit $730k , protagonist
$hasbu -> hit $687k , hasbulla_main
$nnn -> hit $648k , No Nut November
$mad -> hit $600k
#whatitis -> hit $548k , it is what it is
#nocturna -> hit $425k
$jonk -> hit $395k

Someone drop me a 100x rn

Daily Memecoin Recap - October 31

Million dollar runners is the norm at this point 🤫

TheCat Burns Bundled Supply
$thecat -> $7 .25m to $13 .2m (1.8x)
- 21% of supply has been burned
- Roughly $2 ,000,000 worth

Solana Foundation Cat
$hima -> hit $22m
$hima -> hit $835k , solana official mascot cat
- 50% of supply sent to the solana foundation

RIP ETH
$ripeth -> hit $16m
$eth -> hit $360k , #retardio + $eth
- Literally rip $ETH

Bome Dev Rumour
$㊙️ -> hit $2 .2m
- Launched with $bome like art
- People speculated that it was somehow connected to the $bome deployer wallet
- Currently sitting at $44k

OpenAI Mascot
$sky -> hit $5 .1m
- kevinweil confirmed its name on reddit

Election Soon
$47 -> $1m to $14m (14x), devs clipped, now slowly climbing up again
$deep -> hit $1 .9m, the deep state
$honor -> hit $1 .7m
#freedom -> hit $315k

Artificial Intelligence
#project89 -> $6 .3m to $26 .2 (4.2x)
#zerebro -> $4 .2m to $15 .7m (3.7x)
$ib -> $530k to $11 .6m (21.9x)
$matrix -> hit $3m , Roko's Matrix
#logos89 -> hit $1 .8m
$moksha -> hit $1 .6m
$pp -> hit $995k , PumpPad AI

Retardio
#retardio -> $115m to $185m (1.6x)
$rzack -> hit $2 .7m, #retardio + $zack , MrZackMorris

Sigma Goes For ATH
$sigma -> $51m to $94m (1.8x)

More Cooks
$rzlr -> $3m to $14 .7m (4.9x), the rizzler
$earl -> $1 .7m to $9 .1m (5.3x)
$fridge -> $1 .5m to $5m (3.3x)
$snoo -> hit $9m , Reddit Mascot
$hat -> hit $6 .1m, first no-code AI agent launchpad on solana
#pumpcat -> hit $2 .4m
$pnut -> hit $2 .1m, pet squirrel
$cape -> hit $1 .1m, crazy ape
$copium -> hit $930k
$luchi -> hit $845k , $LUCE + $MICHI
$ks -> hit $840k , kittyspin
$aqutan -> hit $820k
$cone -> hit $770k , cone cat
$derg -> hit $760k , dog meme
$gamma -> hit $730k , $giga beta
$bangy -> hit $720k , cat meme

What are you bidding?

Is the stock market overpriced?
PeterSchiff has a take 👇

Will Ethereum remain institutions' top choice?

jonahrobrts breaks down the blockchain competition for TradFi's attention 🤼‍♂️

========================================

Disruption. Digitization. Financial inclusion. Future-proofing.

What do all of these oft-repeated buzzwords have in common? They’ve all been used by crypto-pilled associates at TradFi firms to pitch their bosses on the exciting upside of blockchain tech. This year, it seems, the executives are listening.

Institutions jumped into crypto more headlong than ever in 2024. Their moves are starting to bridge the gap between TradFi and DeFi. However, this article isn’t focused on why firms are building onchain. Instead, we are focusing on where these funds are choosing to build.

----------------------------

What’s Happening on Ethereum?
Ethereum is the world’s largest smart-contract blockchain network. It has secured over $90 billion in RWAs, including stablecoins. 2024 has been a big year for the adoption of non-stablecoin RWAs on Ethereum as well, with the network growing its onchain U.S. treasuries, bonds, and cash equivalents from $800 million to over $1 .5 billion and overall non-stablecoin RWA value to $2 .9 billion.

Some of the major players building on Ethereum this year include
Visa, BlackRock and FTI_US

Earlier this month, Visa announced that they are building the Visa Tokenized Asset Platform (VTAP) on Ethereum. This is the company’s biggest step toward crypto adoption thus far. VTAP enables Visa to issue and manage fiat-backed tokens on Ethereum. It is intended to be a sandbox for participating financial institutional partners to create and experiment with fiat-backed tokens. They expect to begin piloting the platform with Spanish multinational bank BBVA in 2025. While the VTAP program is certainly an experiment, it gives credit to the thesis that TradFi will migrate its operations onto Ethereum over the coming decades.

----------------------------

Yet, the success of Ethereum’s competitors highlights a critical point: institutions are no longer bound to a single network. While Ethereum is foundational, blockchains like Solana and Stellar provide alternatives that are increasingly hard to ignore. However, they also present novel interoperability concerns.

Interoperability is central to the future of institutional blockchain adoption. As Visa states in their VTAP press release announcement, the largest benefits of building onchain include easy integration, programmability, and interoperability. Institutions that venture onto non-EVM chains like Solana or Stellar may face challenges in asset liquidity and protocol compatibility. This can lead to reliance on third-party services to bridge assets between chains, which introduces complexity and security risks. Ethereum’s widespread use means that staying within the EVM ecosystem—whether through Ethereum or Layer 2 solutions—remains the simplest and most secure option for institutions.

----------------------------

However, for Ethereum to maintain its lead in the race toward institutional adoption, it must continue to balance world-class security and stability with the performance and scalability that competing chains continue to push. The race to capture the attention of institutional finance will be won by the network that can not only meet today’s demands but also anticipate the needs of tomorrow. Ethereum is well-positioned for now, but staying on top will require constant evolution.

Since daveward online dropped this analysis a month ago...

- sprotogremlins
up from 0.6 to 2.79 ETH
- SPX Aeons up from 0.09 to 2.1 ETH
- Bitcoin Puppets up from 0.09 to 0.17 BTC
- SCHIZO_POSTERS
up from 0.29 to 0.65 ETH
- $SPX up from $10M to $750M MCAP

Don't fade cult NFTs (& see what other winners he predicted) 👇

https://bankless.com/cult-...

Daily Memecoin Recap - October 8

Looks like HBO larped us, at least we still got some plays out of it

HBO Documentary Releases
#petertodd -> hit $5 .12m, people leaked who HBO says is satoshi
#satoshi -> hit $1 .2m
$waas -> hit $1 .16m, we are all satoshi
$tudd -> hit $280k , redacted Puter Tudd
- HBO says Peter Todd is Satoshi

Peter Todd Denies Satoshi Claims
#yourmom -> hit $6 .83m
- Based on a tweet by peterktodd: "To all the Solana memecoin degens spamming my mentios, I have one pet and it's name is your mom."
- Peter says that he isn't Satoshi

Wif Owner Posts A Dog
$shoko -> hit $3 .58m
- People were assuming that this was $wif 's owner's new dog
- It turns out that the dog was just visiting and it isn't actually her dog

Why Are You Gay?
$yrugay -> hit $1 .83m
- Viral meme
- Launched by the guy in the meme himself SimonKaggwaNjal

SPX Goes Crazy
$spx -> $186m to $611m (3.28x from the recent low)
$lsd -> $6 .5m to $18m (2.77x), $sol 's version of $spx Liquid Solana Derivative 42069
- Community forming

Top Runners
$sigma -> $25 .6m to $58m (2.26x)
#supercycle -> $1 .56m to $11 .6m (7.44x), the supercycle is (real), breakout to ATH
$zazu -> $2 .66m to $7 .71m (2.89x), this cat has been relaunched over 5 times
$alpha -> $680k to $4 .74m (6.97x), reject modernity, ATH
$todd -> hit $1 .38m

Nub Getting Shilled
$nub -> $5 .53m to $41 .3m (7.46x)
- One of the fan favorites finally makes a higher high after dying out for weeks
- Ansem (blknoiz06) & other notable people are pushing it

Goated Eth Memes
$apu -> $48m to $222m (4.62x from the low)
$joe -> $3 .83m to $48 .5m (12.6x from the low), great $eth meme

More Cooks
$pinky -> $1 .19m to $2 .62m (2.2x), pinky the pineapple
$coded -> $25k to $415k (16.6x), it's coded, CTO, ATH $1 .38m
$diddy -> hit $1 .42m
$milton -> hit $648k , hurricane milton
$topcat -> hit $617k
$pandie -> hit $582k
$winu -> hit $395k
$ron -> hit $382k
#chadGPT -> hit $336k
#conviction -> hit $283k , Buy + Hodl + Believe
$bb -> hit $271k , baddi

Did you catch any peter todd plays? 💰

🔎 The community reveals disturbing elements that could suggest that Peter Todd is a potential candidate to be the creator of Bitcoin 👇

➡️ A message posted by Peter Todd in 2001 when he was just 15 years old:

https://lists.ibiblio.org/...

LAST CALL: 🤖 vs 🧙‍♂️ $ALPH Battle

With only 7 hours left in the competition, there’s no better time to join the action!

$7 ,500 $ALPH is waiting for you. Fight for your spot on the leaderboard by bridging to $ALPH at https://t.me/Maestro or http://houdiniswap.com

It’s now or never - lock in on your targets!

🏆 LIVE leaderboard: http://houdiniswap.com/alp...

📅 **Weekly Outlook Sep 30 - Oct 6** 📅
Stay updated with key news & events in finance and crypto! 🧵👇

---

📰 **News/Sentiment:**
- FED tracking econ data for rate cuts 📊
- Neutral stance, less dovish than expected 🕊️
- Eyes on Sept Jobs, ISM Manufacturing, Jobless Claims 📈
- Investors expect continued rate lowering 💸
- Goldman: Stocks pricier on ROE premium 📉
- BofA forecasts a soft landing 🌤️

---

📅 **Events This Week:**

**Monday:**
- 🇬🇧 UK: GP
- 🇩🇪 GER: CPI
- 🇺🇸 US: Powell Speaks 🎙️

**Tuesday:**
- 🇪🇺 EUR: Core CPI, CPI
- 🇺🇸 US: PMI, Fed GDP Now, Job Openings
- 📈 Earnings: NKE 👟

**Wednesday:**
- 🇪🇺 EUR: Unemployment 📉

**Thursday:**
- 🇺🇸 US: Jobless Claims
- 🇨🇳 CNY: CPI 🇨🇳

**Friday:**
- 🇺🇸 US: Labor Participation, Nonfarm Payroll, Unemployment Rate 📊

---

⚖️ **Risk Appetite:**
- Truflation: 1.5% 📉
- Market Fear/Greed: 75 🤑 Extreme Greed
- Market Breadth: Extreme Greed 🚀
- Put/Call: Extreme Greed
- Junk Bond vs. Investment Grade: Fear ⚠️
- AAII Sentiment: 3% off 1yr bullish 📈
- Crypto Fear/Greed: 50 Neutral 🪙
- High Yield Bond Premium: 3.68% 🔺
- High Yield Effective Yield: 7.8% 🔺

---

📊 **Market Breadth:**
- % of $SPX > 200D MA: 62% ↔️
- % of $SPX > 50D MA: 65% ↔️
- % of $SPX > 20D MA: 68% ↔️
- NASDAQ New Highs - Lows: 57
- SPY 52W Highs - Lows: -44
- SPY New H/L: Monthly 147; Weekly 19 📉

---

🔍 **Other:**
- Fed Rate Monitor: 30% chance of 50bps, 70% chance of 25bps 📉🔮

---

Stay informed and make savvy moves this week! 💰🚀 #Finance #crypto #MarketUpdate

---

Ranger, the first perpetual DEX aggregator on solana, is now live in Beta.

🇰🇷 South Korea's financial regulator wants to implement life sentences as punishment for crypto scams where the perpetrator causes victims to lose more than $4 million.

Lawmakers said the bill was partly inspired by the actions of South Korean founder Do Kwon, and later the demise of the FTX exchange.

At Solana Breakpoint 2024, Charles d’Haussy, CEO of the dYdX Foundation, discussed the protocols’s upcoming enhancements and muse on Solana’s growth.

While dYdX, one of the crypto industry’s oldest decentralized perpetual exchanges, runs its own sovereign appchain, the platform recently integrated Solana-based assets into its platform.

The move brought greater exposure to a wealth of Solana ecosystem tokens, allowing dYdX traders to express their opinion on assets like $SOL , $JUP , and $WIF .

Drawing on his rich experience in the industry, d’Haussy made fascinating remarks about Solana culture.

Solana Builder Energy
When dYdX governance moved to include more Solana-based assets via a Raydium integration in June, d’Haussy and the dYdX were hesitant to approach the Solana community.

“When we started to reach out to the Solana ecosystem, I was kind of cautious and trying to be gentle, not knowing exactly how we would be welcome for conversations about possible integration”

From an outside perspective, blockchain tribalism formed a perceived barrier to entry. Chain maximalism is a serious obstacle within the industry, which is further exacerbated by obstinate and outspoken communities on social media.

Fortunately, away from the noise and distractions of social media, the teams actually building these ecosystems are eager to collaborate and push the collectively push the industry forward. d’Haussy remarked that the Solana Foundation was welcoming and receptive to working alongside teams from alternative ecosystems in the pursuit of progress.

“We were really warmly welcomed. I think the Solana ecosystem has showed us, you want to connect to the Solana ecosystem and bring more mindshare to the Solana ecosystem via your own chain? How can we help you?… The Solana Foundation has been extremely welcoming, connecting us to plenty of people. And the builders were also very welcoming.”

“Sometimes Twitter makes you think that this is all tribes and they look at each other from afar. But the reality is the real builders and the people which are in the industry long enough and for the long term, they are very friendly and they want to grow the cake for everyone.”

Additionally, d’Haussy asserted that “Solana is like Ethereum five years ago”, highlighting the energy and hunger shown by developers building innovative products. The CEO drew comparisons between the atmosphere of week’s earlier Token 2049 conference and Solana Breakpoint.

“We are just out of three days of Token 2049, which is much more salesy and marketing and towards trading activities, which is really the audience of DYDX. So, that was perfect, we had a blast over there. Suddenly, you wake up the next morning and you're going to Solana Breakpoint.”

“It's a bit of a shock for me because suddenly we are surrounded by devs. So, there is this kind of change of seasons overnight between the projects and the business development atmosphere of Token 2049 and here the business, the atmosphere of building here at Solana.”

Blockchain tribalism is a regrettable obstacle, but easily overcome. As evidenced by dYdX and the Solana, teams from different chains can always find ways to work together in a way that benefits both parties and further advances the space.

It’s here — a crypto game for mass audiences.

Everything you need to know about
@solana
's new mobile shooter -- FTW 🔫👇

========================================
jungle_xyz’s FTW is a fast-paced mobile shooter where players can play casually or win real rewards by competing in tournaments and PVP wagering matches.

While FTW has multiple ways to play—Free-for-Alls, Team Deathmatches, and Extractions (akin to capture the flag)—its main mode is Showdown, where 10 players face off in a 3-minute Battle Royale. Here, players spawn with randomized load-outs of different heroes, weapons, and gadgets and can respawn during the first 2 minutes, battling to rack up points and buffs.

After this, the playing zone starts closing and respawns are disabled until the last player standing claims victory. Along the way, players can pick up new weapons and equipment scattered across the map. These come in four rarity levels: White, Blue, Purple, and Yellow, each offering increased power for an edge as the match progresses.
⚔️ Qualifiers (Mon-Fri): During weekdays, you can play Showdown matches for free and collect points to prepare for the weekend Finals. This mode helps you accumulate upgrades, currencies, and tickets, which will be crucial for weekend competition.

🎖Finals (Sat-Sun): The weekend Finals require one ticket per match, and only these games count toward the leaderboard for prizes. Players can win $USDC , $SOL , in-game rewards, and whitelist spots for Jungle’s Genesis mint — though you must connect your wallet and Discord to be eliglible.

Additionally, there is a Monthly Leaderboard on FTW’s Jungle Discord, where your Finals scores accumulate throughout the month. Players who perform well can qualify for boosted rewards.

How to Get Started:

Additional Features:

🎯 Auto-Aim: FTW lets you choose between manual and auto-aim in its settings. While it may burn through your bullets, personally I’d recommend auto.

💥 Hero Ultimates: Each hero has a unique ultimate ability like airstrikes, poison gas, or shock blasts, which charges up as the match goes on and you rack up more stats.

🧰 Hero and Weapon Upgrades: XP will be earned as you play, alongside crates offering unique boosts which can be used to upgrade your heroes and weapons, increasing traits like their resilience, precision, and speed.

How to Earn:

FTW’s tournaments are where the money’s made, and these events are split into Qualifiers and Finals:

📲 Download FTW: The game is available on the iOS App Store and Google Play in early access worldwide.

✅ Sign Up: Once downloaded, create your account through your email or Google.

🔗 Link Your Account: To qualify for rewards, join the Jungle Discord and complete your profile under the profile channel by linking your FTW account (a code will be provided in the app) and Solana wallet.

🏆 Join Tournaments: Participate in weekly Qualifiers to earn points, and use tickets to join the weekend Finals for a shot at the prizes.

And that's all it takes to get started here!

With mobile games feeling ripe for crypto adoption by augmenting their casual gameplay with onchain rewards, Jungle looks to be flying under the radar as a studio to watch.

Move quickly, though! The last Qualifiers for this first “Play-to-Mint” tournament end on September 27th, though we can expect more down the line.

✍️ by wmpeaster

🚀 +93% in 3 months: why is aave outperforming the rest of the crypto market?

This success is linked to a renewed interest in #defi 🌐 , its dominance in the lending sector ($12.6 billion in TVL), and the fall of its competitor Curve Finance.

Its updates, such as the introduction of its stablecoin $GHO and its expansion to layer 2, have also increased its appeal.

Chapter Two Rebrands as ‘Solana Seeker’, Unveiling a Range of New Features and Enhancements
140,000 pre-orders later, Solana Mobile’s next generation web3 smartphone emerges from its ‘stealth phase’.

Solana Mobile, the team behind the wildly popular Solana Saga device, has finally unveiled the eagerly awaited Solana Seeker. The next generation web3 smartphone is slated for release in 2025, offering a host of improved features and benefits.

Following the rampant success of the sellout Solana Saga, Solana Mobile stealth-launched the mysterious ‘Chapter Two’. Despite being light on details, Solana Chapter Two was well-received by the wider crypto-community. Solana Mobile’s next generation device has already been pre-ordered over 140,000 times, with recipients eager to get their hands on fresh Solana hardware.

Both the Solana Saga and the Seeker, formerly ‘Chapter Two’ have been embraced by Solana’s mobile development community. Saga owners and Seeker Genesis token holders have been generously rewarded with a litany of airdrops, as well as a vast selection of dApps and features designed exclusively for the Solana Seeker ahead of the device’s launch.

Since its inception, Solana co-founder Anatoly Yakovenko has been one of Solana Mobile’s staunchest advocates. Championing mobile devices and services as a key area of growth for the network, Yakovenko contends that the Seeker will improve on the standards set by the Saga at more accessible prices.

“We founded Solana Mobile with the mission of taking crypto mobile. To achieve that, we needed to make Seeker more accessible, more affordable, and for its hardware and software to be even more deeply integrated for web3. The support from across the Solana community so far has been incredible, and with features like the new Seed Vault Wallet and the updated Solana dApp Store, we think Seeker will be the definitive web3 mobile device when it comes out next year.” - Anatoly Yakovenko, Solana Labs co-founder

What new features can users expect from the Saga’s highly-anticipated successor?

New Phone, New Features
While the full range of improvements and hardware specifications is yet to be announced, Solana Mobile has teased the following features for the upcoming Seeker:

Seed Vault Wallet - The Seeker comes complete with a built-in self-custodial Seed Vault to provide a frictionless web3 mobile experience. Designed exclusively for the Seeker in collaboration with Solflare, the Seed Vault support double-tap transactions and simplified account management.

Solana Mobile dApp Store - Competing directly with the Apple/Google duopoly, the Solana Mobile dApp Store debuts a compelling new rewards tracker and offers enhanced discoverability for DeFi, NFTs, DePIN, Gaming, and Payments applications.

Seeker Genesis Token - A soulbound NFT, the Seeker Genesis Token is a non-transferrable asset that gives holders exclusive access to rewards, content and opportunities throughout Solana’s thriving ecosystem.

Enhanced Hardware - Seeker promises a dramatically improved build quality, boasting a superior camera, extended battery life, a lighter design, and a brighter display than its predecessor.

With 2025 just around the corner, the launch and distribution of Solana Seeker may come sooner than expected. Given the generous incentives and rewards enjoyed by Solana holders, the Solana community awaits the launch of Solana Seeker with bated breath.

Jupiter, a leading decentralized exchange (DEX) on Solana, made a series of major announcements today at Solana Breakpoint 2024, the Solana ecosystem's largest annual conference. These updates include the acquisition of SolanaFM, the second-largest explorer on Solana, and Coinhall, the leading aggregator across Cosmos.

Co-founder Siong delivered a keynote address outlining the ambitious roadmap ahead for Jupiter.

Metropolis API Platform
Building on the foundation of Jupiter's existing APIs (Swap, Tokens, and Price APIs), the Metropolis API Platform makes it easier for developers to integrate with all of Solana's liquidity and build sustainable businesses. Anyone with an internet connection can leverage these APIs to streamline development and create innovative applications on Solana.

Jupiter RFQ
Deepening liquidity on Solana by connecting market makers directly to Jupiter's routing engine. This innovative feature allows market makers who primarily use exchanges like Binance to easily provide liquidity on Solana, ensuring that Jupiter consistently offers the best prices.

Jupiter Perps V2

Perps V2 is a significant upgrade from its predecessor, offering a richer feature set, competitive fees, and unmatched reliability. This new version introduces limit orders, a revamped Doves oracle for enhanced pricing accuracy, and gasless transactions, ensuring a seamless and cost-effective trading experience.

With Perps V2, traders can benefit from the convenience of limit orders, the reliability of the Dove oracle, and the efficiency of gasless transactions, all backed by $600 million in JLP liquidity. This combination makes Solana the most compelling platform for perpetual contracts.

Jupiter Mobile
Jupiter Mobile is poised to revolutionize how people interact with Solana by offering a frictionless and intuitive user experience. It simplifies the onboarding process, making Solana accessible to everyone regardless of their technical expertise. Users can easily connect their existing wallets or use popular payment methods like Apple Pay, Google Pay, or credit cards. Additionally, Jupiter Mobile eliminates the need for complex seed phrases, making it easy for new users to get started.

The platform also offers zero platform fees, ensuring that users can enjoy cost-effective transactions without worrying about hidden charges. With its 1-tap swap feature, users can effortlessly swap tokens with just a single click, streamlining the trading process.

Ape Pro: Taking on Pump.fun
Jupiter is now making moves to capture the meme coin market by taking on the popular Pump.fun, a no-code meme coin creation platform.

Ape Pro, a massive upgrade to the existing Ape platform, is set to make meme coins fun again on Solana. It will offer a powerful, mobile-friendly trading suite that supports social logins and an easy-to-use token creation experience.

Ape Pro stands out from its competitors, such as Pump.fun, by offering lower trading fees, a seamless mobile experience, faster transactions with Google login, and a robust token creation process. With a competitive 0.5% trading fee, Ape Pro provides a cost-effective solution for traders. Its mobile optimization ensures a smooth and efficient experience on the go, while Google login simplifies the onboarding process, eliminating the need for complex seed phrases. Additionally, Ape Mint, a feature within Ape Pro, allows users to easily mint new tokens, lock liquidity for project credibility, and earn perpetual swap fees, creating a sustainable revenue stream and combatting the current PVP model in the meme coin ecosystem.

Acquisitions Signal Growth and Ambition
Jupiter's acquisition of SolanaFM, a critical infrastructure provider for the Solana ecosystem, underscores the company's commitment to strengthening it. This move will enable Jupiter to leverage SolanaFM's world-class data infrastructure to enhance its platform further.

On September 20, Reown, formerly WalletConnect, announced the launch of its Solana Appkit, a comprehensive developer tooling platform designed to simplify Solana ecosystem development.

The move promises to amplify Solana connectivity, leveraging a range of essential services that aim to expand the ecosystem. Best known for its expansive EVM network, Reown facilitates over 15M monthly wallet connections across 100+ blockchains.

Solana’s inclusion in Reown’s substantial list of supported chains comes following the network’s meteoric growth throughout 2024. Reown CEO Jess Houlgrave contends that the Solana Appkit’s launch could spearhead a new wave of applications on the network:

"The Solana ecosystem has stood out since its inception in 2020. Solana instantly drew interest from developers and teams throughout the industry, resulting in some of the biggest and most recognizable projects to date. The launch of the Solana AppKit will act as a catalyst for further growth, the AppKit simplifies building apps and ensures the best experience for end-users. We're excited to see what teams can do with these new tools". - Jess Houlgrave, Reown CEO.

What Can Developers Expect From Reown’s Appkit?
Reown’s Solana Appkit aims to streamline the development process, amplifying application connectivity across the ecosystem. The new tooling platform promises a range of essential features, including:

WalletConnect Network integration.

Simplified email and social login - Allowing users to connect to dApps using familiar, Web2 logins.

Fiat-to-Crypto onramp - Partnering with Coinbase, users can instantly buy over 100 crypto assets directly through Reown-powered apps.

Token swaps - In collaboration with 1Inch, Reown provides applications with in-app trades at the best available rates.

Web3 Messaging Notifications - Apps can now send onchain messages directly to user’s wallets.

Multi-Language support - Reown’s Solana Appkit supports developers building with React, Vue, JavaScript, and Next.js

Reown Attracts Key Launch Partners
Bringing the new Appkit to as many Solana developers, Reown has collaborated with some of the biggest names in the ecosystem. Integral DeFi apps like Jupiter, Solana’s leading aggregator, and Marinade Finance, one of Solana’s original staking providers, have lent their weight behind the launch, with additional support from Drift Protocol, a popular perpetual DEX, and Solayer, the network’s leading restaking protocol.

Drift Protocol co-founder Cindy Leow believes that Reown’s Solana Appkit will facilitate a smoother onboarding process for traders. Championing the toolkit accessibility, Leow expressed excitement at the prospect of a widening ecosystem.

“At Drift we’re continuously improving the experience for our users. As we expand, we want to see even more blockchain adoption. Integrating Reown’s Solana AppKit marks a milestone for accessibility and usability. We’re looking forward to seeing more apps in the Solana ecosystem leverage the Solana AppKit” - Cindy Leow, Drift Protocol co-founder.

Echoing Leow’s enthusiasm, Backpack CEO Armani Ferrante also demonstrated his support for the Reown Appkit.

“As the entry point for the Solana ecosystem, Backpack wallet team worked closely with the Reown team to integrate the Reown WalletKit on the mobile app end. We’re excited to partner with Reown and improve Solana users' experience. Now, users can easily access Backpack Wallet when they click the WalletConnect button on their favorite dApps.” - Armani Ferrante, Backpack CEO

Alongside Solana’s dramatic surge in user activity throughout 2024, the network has also enjoyed a significant increase in developer activity. According to the Solana 2023 Developer Report the network boasted over 2,500 monthly active developers.

The Reown Solana AppKit is expected to provide Solana’s expansive developer community with an expansive suite of tools, enabling them to create a diverse and access

🔶 Binance becomes the first exchange to launch spot trading of real tokens in pre-market.

That is to say, unlike competitors who offer derivatives trading, Binance will allow users to take "early" positions before the official launch of a token.

“Binance is the only crypto exchange to offer pre-market spot trading, where tokens will be exclusively allocated and generated for users to hold and trade on the Binance platform.”

Presenting at Breakpoint 2024, FluxBeam and RugCheck founder Scott Hague unveiled a litany of new product updates to the comprehensive DeFi platform.

Hague shed more light on some new features and promising developments in scam prevention and interception on the Solana network.

DIVING DEEPER INTO FLUXBEAM INFINITY
FluxBeam Infinity introduces a multitude of competitive new features to the decentralized exchange platform. Taking the stage at Breakpoint 2024, Hague highlighted the key tools that promise to improve the terminal’s user experience, including improved speed, unified data aggregation, and advanced limit orders.

In addition to these features, FluxBeam Infinity will also implement complex automated trading tools. Users will be able to design customizable trading algorithms, drawing from both onchain and offchain events.

“Obviously, the automation is our big key thing this year, whereby we really want to allow users to come in and trade on any news, whether that's on-chain, off-chain, even the weather if you want to, but be able to take that data, make actionable insight from it and then trade automatically on-chain. Similar to algo trading in TradFi.”

As part of the new data aggregation, Fluxbeam is also implementing sentiment analysis. This essential tool helps traders accurately gauge market sentiment surrounding certain assets by tracking discussion through various forms of media.

With over a decade of experience in AI, Hague is well-equipped to ensure that Fluxbeam’s sentiment analysis won’t fall victim to artificial commentary. When asked what countermeasures Fluxbeam’s sentiment has taken to combat false commentary, Hague asserted:

“We run essentially a scoring system similar to RugCheck on every single account and say, okay, well, this is a high likelihood of being a bot or this is a high likelihood of being an influencer. Influencers obviously can't, they can to an extent fake their following base, but they can't really fake their engagement over a long period of time.”

While suggesting that analyzing social media commentary is a relatively simple affair, Hague concedes that tracking sentiment from news sites is more nuanced. Fluxbeam combats this by only pulling sentiment data from reputable sources, a strategy Hague admits “comes with its own bias”.

NEW $FLUXB DEFLATIONARY MECHANICS
The rollout of Fluxbeam Infinity is expected to coincide with new token mechanics that aim to provide value to $FLUXB , the platform’s native asset.

Fluxbeam Infinity will implement a new buyback-and-burn algorithm. The mechanism introduces a fee split to Fluxbeam Infinity’s powerful new features, with 50% of accrued platform fees being used to buy $FLUXB off the market and permanently remove tokens from circulation.

“With our new products of both the advanced limit orders and automation, all of that is actually going to have a fee split on it where we start to burn down $FLUXB . Every time there's a trade or something like that, we take a small fee, split 50-50, and then that $FLUXB will slowly start to burn down just so we can get the supply down and really start to reward our long-term holders.”

In addition to the new burn feature, Hague confirmed that Fluxbeam intends to launch a Season 2 incentives program to reward platform users.

RUGCHECK ENGAGES EXCHANGES TO INTERCEPT ONCHAIN SCAMMERS
Alongside FluxBeam, Hague has also spearheaded the development and growth of RugCheck, one of Solana’s most popular security tools. Over the past year, Solana traders have generated over 100M token reports via RugCheck, trusting the protocol’s analysis to gauge the safety of onchain assets.

Over the course of the last year, RugCheck has built up a significant database of scammer wallets and their associated CEX accounts and off-ramping pathways. Scammers often use CEX accounts to launder and obfuscate funds.

Jupiter, a leading decentralized exchange (DEX) on Solana, made a series of major announcements today at Solana Breakpoint 2024, the Solana ecosystem's largest annual conference. These updates include the acquisition of SolanaFM, the second-largest explorer on Solana, and Coinhall, the leading aggregator across Cosmos.

Co-founder Siong delivered a keynote address outlining the ambitious roadmap ahead for Jupiter.

METROPOLIS API PLATFORM
Building on the foundation of Jupiter's existing APIs (Swap, Tokens, and Price APIs), the Metropolis API Platform makes it easier for developers to integrate with all of Solana's liquidity and build sustainable businesses. Anyone with an internet connection can leverage these APIs to streamline development and create innovative applications on Solana.

JUPITER RFQ
Deepening liquidity on Solana by connecting market makers directly to Jupiter's routing engine. This innovative feature allows market makers who primarily use exchanges like Binance to easily provide liquidity on Solana, ensuring that Jupiter consistently offers the best prices.

JUPITER PERPS V2
Redefining perpetual contracts on Solana with enhanced features, competitive fees, and unparalleled reliability.

Perps V2 is a significant upgrade from its predecessor, offering a richer feature set, competitive fees, and unmatched reliability. This new version introduces limit orders, a revamped Doves oracle for enhanced pricing accuracy, and gasless transactions, ensuring a seamless and cost-effective trading experience.

With Perps V2, traders can benefit from the convenience of limit orders, the reliability of the Dove oracle, and the efficiency of gasless transactions, all backed by $600 million in JLP liquidity. This combination makes Solana the most compelling platform for perpetual contracts.

JUPITER MOBILE
Jupiter Mobile is poised to revolutionize how people interact with Solana by offering a frictionless and intuitive user experience. It simplifies the onboarding process, making Solana accessible to everyone regardless of their technical expertise. Users can easily connect their existing wallets or use popular payment methods like Apple Pay, Google Pay, or credit cards. Additionally, Jupiter Mobile eliminates the need for complex seed phrases, making it easy for new users to get started.

The platform also offers zero platform fees, ensuring that users can enjoy cost-effective transactions without worrying about hidden charges. With its 1-tap swap feature, users can effortlessly swap tokens with just a single click, streamlining the trading process.

APE PRO: TAKING ON Pump.fun
Jupiter is now making moves to capture the meme coin market by taking on the popular Pump.fun, a no-code meme coin creation platform.

Ape Pro stands out from its competitors, such as Pump.fun, by offering lower trading fees, a seamless mobile experience, faster transactions with Google login, and a robust token creation process. With a competitive 0.5% trading fee, Ape Pro provides a cost-effective solution for traders. Its mobile optimization ensures a smooth and efficient experience on the go, while Google login simplifies the onboarding process, eliminating the need for complex seed phrases. Additionally, Ape Mint, a feature within Ape Pro, allows users to easily mint new tokens, lock liquidity for project credibility, and earn perpetual swap fees, creating a sustainable revenue stream and combatting the current PVP model in the meme coin ecosystem.

Jupiter emphasized the company's dedication to making Solana even more awesome. "Solana is already the best. And we're here to make using Solana even more awesome," he said. "Today's updates signal our strong commitment to building the platform, team, and community needed to drive it forward."

At Solana Breakpoint, Jupiter Exchange announced the introduction of Perps V2, making perpetual trading gasless. This aims to deliver a trading experience on Solana with parity to centralized exchanges.

4.6 million transactions in one day: Coinbase’s layer 2 Base breaks a record 🚀

The @base ecosystem has grown with the support of coinbase . Several major protocols like Curve, Aave, and Compound are now used on Base.

Coinbase also launched its own Wrapped Bitcoin, the $cbBTC , on #Ethereum and Base, driving activity on layer 2 ⛓️

The number of new addresses created every day shows that $BASE continues to gain popularity. Unlike competitors like Arbitrum, Base is growing rapidly

Raydium Protocol Introduces "Burn & Earn," which would allow teams launching tokens to permanently lock CLMM liquidity while still claiming trading fees. This new feature would be competition to Meteora's Dynamic Pools.

After the euphoric highs of Q2, fear and doubt have crept back into crypto markets in recent months.

Amidst the uncertainty Solana’s DeFi ecosystem has shed layers of TVL (Total Value Locked), with the majority of protocol’s losing between 13-18% in USD value on a monthly time frame.

However, despite the market-wide pullback, outperformers have emerged. Which protocols created a liquidity vacuum and expanded their TVL despite ailing markets?

NX FINANCE, LULO LEAD MONTHLY TVL GROWTH
Solana’s DeFi scene has enjoyed newfound momentum and attention throughout 2024. However, the last 30 days indicate a charge in sentiment, with the bulk of Solana protocols suffering significant drops in their TVL.

Despite challenging conditions, several outliers have outperformed the wider market and witnessed continued growth in the face of adversity.

Lending aggregator NX Finance led the charge, enjoying consistent growth in the face of difficult markets. Courtesy of its incentivized rewards program, NX Finance TVL rose 65% in the last 30 days, leading Solana’s top 50 DeFi applications by TVL.

Meanwhile, fellow lending aggregator Lulo Finance continued to rise through the ranks, securing over $30M in Directed Liquidity (DL). With over 92% of its DL, a similar metric similar to TVL, held in stablecoins, Lulo-managed value has increased by 32.27% in the last 30 days.

At first glance, DeFiLlama data suggests that Jupiter’s TVL has risen by 47.22% in the last 30 days. However, this increase is due to the popular analytics platform integrating $jupSOL into Jupiter’s total TVL on August 16, adding approximately $300M worth of funds to the platform.

According to Step Finance data, $jupSOL supply has risen 0.36% in the last 30 days. Coupled with the 2.22% decline in Jupiter perpetual TVL in the same time period, it can be concluded that Jupiter’s total TVL has remained relatively stable in the face of challenging market conditions.

Kamino TVL Climbs Despite Falling Prices
Kamino Finance has been one of Solana DeFi’s most solid performers throughout Q3’s volatility. While lending aggregators like NX Finance and Lulo predominantly hold stablecoins, making them more resilient to market downturn, Kamino accepts deposits from a wider range of more volatile assets.

Despite falling asset prices across the industry, Kamino has emerged as one of Solana’s standout DeFi protocols.

While $SOL price has dropped over 36% since its March 18 high of $202 , Kamino TVL has increased by 12% in USD terms. Denominated in SOL, Kamino TVL has risen by 76% in the same time frame.

JUPITER DOMINATES PERPETUAL TVL ACROSS THE INDUSTRY
Jupiter’s perpetual DEX platform shows no sign of relinquishing its iron grip on derivatives dominance. One of Solana’s largest DeFi protocols, Jupiter’s perpetual DEX is currently the largest onchain derivatives market in the crypto industry.

Boasting over $657M in TVL, Jupiter dominates perpetual market share. According to DeFiLlama data, the Solana-based platform currently accounts for 18.82% of onchain derivatives TVL across the industry.

While Jupiter boasts the highest TVL across all perpetual DEXes, its closest rival still witnesses higher trading volumes. During August, Hyperliquid handled $34 .6B in trading volume compared to Jupiter’s $15 .1B. It’s worth noting that Hyperliquid’s high volume could attributed to its points program, which is expected to influence token allocations ahead of the protocol’s upcoming airdrop

Magic Eden led NFT marketplaces with $56M in annual revenue, surpassing all competitors combined. 71% came from Bitcoin Ordinals (excluding Runes and BRC20), and 27% was driven by Solana.

Prices may be down, but Grayscale's making bull market bets if you know where to look.

These are the assets that have caught the attention of Crypto's Wall Street whisperer 👇

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When Grayscale announces a new Trust for a particular asset, the market often reacts with a mix of excitement and skepticism.

It's a bit like a double-edged sword: a signal of saturation for some and a beacon of hope for others.

Some might interpret the launch as a sign that the market for that asset is reaching saturation or at least limited upside potential in crypto terms.

On the one hand, it’s a stamp of approval from a major player in the crypto space. It can lend legitimacy to the asset, potentially attracting institutional investors, and, at the very least, boost media coverage.

Grayscale has been adding new investment products at a faster clip, showcasing their conviction that we’re in the middle innings of a crypto bull market fueled by a grand slam of bullish signals: #Bitcoin ETF inflows, the long-awaited $ETH ETF launch, increasing stablecoin adoption, and steady growth in TVL across DeFi.

As a quiet giant in the industry, investors continue to watch what Grayscale is backing and what that says about their impressions of which direction the industry is headed. What assets have caught their attention lately? Let's find out. 👇

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Grayscale Decentralized AI Fund (FIL, NEAR, RNDR, LPT, TAO)

Grayscale Bittensor Trust (TAO)
Bittensor envisions a world where AI isn't a tool in the hands of a few corporations but a resource democratized for all. It aims to create an "Internet of AI" where everyone can contribute and benefit from AI models. $TAO incentivizes participants to contribute to the network by providing rewards for tasks like validating models and running AI computations.

As the AI race among big tech companies heats up, Grayscale believes that Bittensor offers a compelling alternative approach towards AI development, one that encourages a wider range of participants and ideas.

Grayscale SUI Trust (SUI)
$Sui boasts a novel blockchain design that prioritizes scalability and user experience. It allows for parallel processing, tackling multiple transactions simultaneously.
SuiNetwork
's competitive edge comes down to its custom-built programming language, Sui Move, which streamlines smart contract development and execution.

As the need for blockspace and faster execution in crypto increases, Grayscale believes that Sui opens the door to a new wave of decentralized applications that were previously limited by existing blockchain infrastructure.

The Grayscale Effect
Overall, the impact of a Grayscale Trust launch is highly subjective to the specific asset. By no means does it signify that the asset is destined for greatness. Take the Grayscale Decentraland Trust (MANA), for instance.

The key takeaway is that Grayscale's bullish outlook on crypto is evident in its recent product launches. They believe we're currently in a bull market and are positioning themselves accordingly.

Analysis by arjunnchand